Few sounds are as recognizable—or as dreaded—as a cat preparing to vomit a hairball. While occasional hairballs are normal, frequent ones can indicate a problem that diet may help solve. Here's what you need to know about managing hairballs through nutrition.
Why Cats Get Hairballs
Cats are meticulous groomers, spending up to 50% of their waking hours cleaning themselves. Their rough, barbed tongues catch loose fur, which is then swallowed. Most hair passes through the digestive tract normally, but some accumulates in the stomach and forms a hairball (technically a "trichobezoar") that's eventually vomited up.
Factors that increase hairball risk:
- Long-haired breeds: More fur = more swallowed hair
- Over-grooming: Often caused by stress, allergies, or skin conditions
- Shedding season: Spring and fall typically bring more hairballs
- Slow GI motility: Hair doesn't move through efficiently
- Age: Cats become more prone as grooming habits develop
How Diet Helps Control Hairballs
The right diet addresses hairballs in several ways:
Increased Fiber
Fiber helps move hair through the digestive tract rather than letting it accumulate. Hairball formulas typically contain 5-8% fiber (higher than regular cat food's 2-4%). Common fiber sources include:
- Cellulose (plant fiber)
- Beet pulp
- Psyllium
- Powdered cellulose
Enhanced Skin and Coat Nutrition
Healthy skin sheds less, meaning less hair to swallow. Key nutrients include:
- Omega-3 and Omega-6 fatty acids: Reduce shedding and improve coat health
- Zinc: Supports healthy skin
- Biotin: Promotes coat quality
- Vitamin E: Antioxidant that supports skin health
Improved Digestibility
Highly digestible foods leave less residue in the gut, allowing hair to move through more efficiently.
Good to Know: Hairball formulas are generally safe for long-term feeding, but the extra fiber isn't necessary for all cats. If your cat rarely has hairballs, a regular diet may be fine.
Types of Hairball Diets
Hairball Control Dry Food
Most major brands offer hairball formulas. Look for AAFCO-complete options with added fiber and skin-supporting nutrients. Popular choices include:
- Hill's Science Diet Hairball Control
- Royal Canin Hairball Care
- Purina Pro Plan Hairball Management
- Blue Buffalo Indoor Hairball Control
Hairball-Control Wet Food
Wet food naturally provides more moisture, which can help digestion. Some manufacturers offer hairball wet food varieties, though they're less common than dry options.
Hairball Treats and Supplements
For cats on regular diets, hairball treats or petroleum-based lubricants (like Laxatone) can help. These products coat swallowed hair so it passes through more easily. Give as directed—usually a few times per week for prevention.
Other Hairball Management Strategies
Diet works best as part of a comprehensive approach:
- Regular brushing: Removes loose fur before your cat swallows it—especially important for long-haired cats
- Adequate hydration: Supports healthy digestion; consider wet food or a water fountain
- Environmental enrichment: Reduce stress-related over-grooming with play and stimulation
- Address skin issues: Allergies or parasites can cause excessive grooming
When to See the Vet: Occasional hairballs are normal, but contact your vet if your cat is retching without producing a hairball, has frequent vomiting (more than 1-2 hairballs monthly), shows decreased appetite, has constipation or diarrhea, or has a swollen abdomen. These could indicate an intestinal blockage or other serious condition.
Do Hairball Diets Really Work?
Research shows that high-fiber diets can reduce hairball frequency in many cats. A study published in the Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery found that cats on hairball formulas had significantly fewer hairball episodes than those on regular diets.
However, results vary by individual cat. Some cats respond well; others may need additional interventions. Give any new diet 4-6 weeks before evaluating its effectiveness.
The Bottom Line
Hairball control diets can be an effective tool for managing this common feline issue, particularly for long-haired cats or those prone to frequent hairballs. The combination of increased fiber and skin-supporting nutrients addresses the problem from multiple angles.
Combine dietary changes with regular grooming and ensure your cat stays well-hydrated for the best results. If hairballs remain a significant problem despite these measures, consult your veterinarian to rule out underlying issues.
Disclaimer: This article is for informational purposes only and does not substitute for professional veterinary advice.